Difference between revisions of "Tanzania NGO Sector"
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The essay to follow is intended to be a (relatively) succinct, yet thorough, history of the non-governmental sector in the United Republic of Tanzania, tracing that history back to the mid-nineteenth century, and following its lineage to the twenty-first century. It examines in detail numerous facets of the Tanzanian non-governmental sector, including the provision of education and health-care, which were, practically speaking, the subject of the first non-governmental organizations in the country (indeed, having been provided before Tanzania was even a country), and the cooperative movement. | The essay to follow is intended to be a (relatively) succinct, yet thorough, history of the non-governmental sector in the United Republic of Tanzania, tracing that history back to the mid-nineteenth century, and following its lineage to the twenty-first century. It examines in detail numerous facets of the Tanzanian non-governmental sector, including the provision of education and health-care, which were, practically speaking, the subject of the first non-governmental organizations in the country (indeed, having been provided before Tanzania was even a country), and the cooperative movement. | ||
| − | Throughout the essay, statistics are used whenever possible, to illuminate the facts being presented, and to provide a fuller picture of the sector on the whole. However, a caveat: Statistics regarding the same subject often vary, sometimes wildly so, from source to source and, in some cases, one set of statistics has been chosen over others. Some inconsistency in the presentation of figures concerning, for example, the number of non-governmental organization operating in any given year, seemed inevitable, due to uncontrollable factors, such as unregistered organizations, etc. But great efforts have been made to ensure a reasonably high level of acuity, and all figures are accounted for via their sources. | + | Throughout the essay, statistics are used whenever possible, to illuminate the facts being presented, and to provide a fuller picture of the sector on the whole. However, a caveat: Statistics regarding the same subject often vary, sometimes wildly so, from source to source and, in some cases, one set of statistics has been chosen over others. Some inconsistency in the presentation of figures concerning, for example, the number of non-governmental organization operating in any given year, seemed inevitable, due to uncontrollable factors, such as unregistered organizations, etc. But great efforts have been made to ensure a reasonably high level of acuity, and all figures are accounted for via their sources. <membersonly> |
==Non-governmental Organizations in pre-Colonial Tanganyika== | ==Non-governmental Organizations in pre-Colonial Tanganyika== | ||
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While the education and health-care sectors were undoubtedly damaged by the imposition of ujamaa, perhaps neither was dealt as sever a blow as were the cooperatives, which were not so much taken over as they were completely abolished. In 1970, the government directed each of Tanzania’s twenty-six regions to form a cooperative union, “mandated to oversee all cooperative activities in their respective regions”. (Chilongo 7) Three years later, in 1973, it passed the Presidential Decree of Villigisation, also know as the Ujamaa Act, which required each village to “register as a cooperative society to which all should belong”. (Chilongo 7) As a result, “the marketing cooperatives ceased to exist; instead villages were made [into] basic producer[s] and marketing organizations”. Then, in 1976, | While the education and health-care sectors were undoubtedly damaged by the imposition of ujamaa, perhaps neither was dealt as sever a blow as were the cooperatives, which were not so much taken over as they were completely abolished. In 1970, the government directed each of Tanzania’s twenty-six regions to form a cooperative union, “mandated to oversee all cooperative activities in their respective regions”. (Chilongo 7) Three years later, in 1973, it passed the Presidential Decree of Villigisation, also know as the Ujamaa Act, which required each village to “register as a cooperative society to which all should belong”. (Chilongo 7) As a result, “the marketing cooperatives ceased to exist; instead villages were made [into] basic producer[s] and marketing organizations”. Then, in 1976, | ||
| − | <blockquote> [A]ll cooperative unions were effectively abolished and their activities were taken (over) by Regional Trading Companies, (RTC), which were parastatal organizations. (Chilongo, 2005; 8) <blockquote> | + | <blockquote> [A]ll cooperative unions were effectively abolished and their activities were taken (over) by Regional Trading Companies, (RTC), which were parastatal organizations. (Chilongo, 2005; 8) </blockquote> |
===Non-governmental Organizations in Tanzania, 1981-1990=== | ===Non-governmental Organizations in Tanzania, 1981-1990=== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:11, 17 July 2008
This article was originally developed from an article prepared for the NGO Handbook by Justin J. Nuttall titled, "Historical background of the Tanzanian NGO sector and Tanzanian NGOs."
The essay to follow is intended to be a (relatively) succinct, yet thorough, history of the non-governmental sector in the United Republic of Tanzania, tracing that history back to the mid-nineteenth century, and following its lineage to the twenty-first century. It examines in detail numerous facets of the Tanzanian non-governmental sector, including the provision of education and health-care, which were, practically speaking, the subject of the first non-governmental organizations in the country (indeed, having been provided before Tanzania was even a country), and the cooperative movement.
Throughout the essay, statistics are used whenever possible, to illuminate the facts being presented, and to provide a fuller picture of the sector on the whole. However, a caveat: Statistics regarding the same subject often vary, sometimes wildly so, from source to source and, in some cases, one set of statistics has been chosen over others. Some inconsistency in the presentation of figures concerning, for example, the number of non-governmental organization operating in any given year, seemed inevitable, due to uncontrollable factors, such as unregistered organizations, etc. But great efforts have been made to ensure a reasonably high level of acuity, and all figures are accounted for via their sources.
